The meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis

Background

mobilized to meet brain challenges. However, information on how meningeal immunocytes guard brain homeostasis in healthy individuals remains limited. This study highlights the heterogeneous, polyfunctional regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment in the meninges. A Treg subtype specialized in controlling interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses and another dedicated to regulating follicular B cell responses were substantial components of this compartment. Accordingly, punctual Treg ablation rapidly unleashed IFN-γ production by meningeal lymphocytes, unlocked access to the brain parenchyma, and altered meningeal B cell profiles. Distally, the hippocampus assumed a reactive state, with morphological and transcriptional changes in multiple glial cell types. Within the dentate gyrus, neural stem cells underwent more death and were blocked from further differentiation, which coincided with impairments in short-term spatial-reference memory. Thus, meningeal Tregs are a multifaceted safeguard of brain homeostasis at steady state.

Literature Review

A search of the published medical literature revealed 1 study investigating the researchable question:

Level of evidence

C - Multiple studies with limitations or conflicting results Read more→

Please see Table 1 for your response.

Enter title in bold, with all first words capitalized, and without a reference number
Design	Objective terms describing the type of study (randomized, uncontrolled, retrospective, placebo-controlled, cross-over, etc.); N= (total subjects)
Objective	State the objective (purpose) of the study using the author’s language(usually beginning with “To” and without a period, assuming a non-complete sentence)
Study Groups	Only the separate groups and their cohort number (n) should be listed. You can describe more details of the cohorts in the methods section so this section can stay very succinct.
Inclusion Criteria	Include relevant inclusion criteria (not a comprehensive list).
Exclusion Criteria	Include relevant exclusion criteria (not a comprehensive list).
Methods	This is our most important section. Data collection and any other information needed to understand the results is presented. Any loose ends from all other sections are tied up here, as concisely as possible.
Duration	Include the duration of the trial as a whole, as well as the duration of the interventions.
Outcome Measures	If the primary outcome measure isn’t explicit from the study, all outcome measures applicable to the inquiry can be listed in this section. If the primary outcome measure is explicit, then make separate sections for ‘Primary’ and ‘Secondary’ Outcome Measures. All outcome measures listed should correlate directly/exactly with the results presented later.
Baseline Characteristics		A	B
	Age, years
	Female
	White
	---
	Include relevant baseline characteristics that will provide a general (big picture) view of the patients in the study.
Results	Endpoint	A	B	p-Value
	----
	----
	All results listed should correlate directly/exactly with the outcome measures presented previously.Results that do not have to do with the inquiry should not be included; just the stated outcomes need corresponding results. Tables are encouraged to display the most info using the least space/words.
Adverse Events	Common Adverse Events: (or those deemed frequent; if not listed in study, use N/A or “Not disclosed”)
	Serious Adverse Events: (or those deemed high risk; if not listed in study, use N/A or “Not disclosed”)
	Percentage that Discontinued due to Adverse Events: (if not listed in study, use N/A or “Not disclosed”)
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InpharmD Researcher Critique	As the expert, add 1-2 sentences on strengths, weaknesses, and takeaways from this study. Focus on insight as “more research is needed” is obvious.